Equalization through Deterioration: The Shrinking Gender Gap in Swedish School Grades

Sociological Science Abstract This article documents a surprising reversal in the long-standing gender gap in academic achievement: between 2021 and 2024, Swedish girls’ school grades declined sharply,

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Hanna Wass: Too much of a good thing? The future of the antifragile democracy

Hanna Wass is an Academy Research Fellow and University Lecturer in the Department of Political and Economic Studies at the University of Helsinki. ABSTRACT As a potentially antifragile system, the stre

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