In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. 2021 Democracy is a term that is used to denote a variety of distinct objects and ideas. Democracy describes either a set of political institutions or an idea

Professor of Social and Political Theory, European University Institute. ABSTRACT Liberal democratic citizenship has been shaped by the legacies of Athens (democracy) and Rome (legal rights) but operate between individuals and states. In a Westphalian world, citizenship has both instrumental and identity value. Enhanced opportunities and interests in mobility rights strengthen instrumental interests in multiple citizenship among immigrants, among populations in less developed countries, and among wealthy elites. The latter two trends potentially undermine a genuine link norm and, if they prevail, might replace the Westphalian allocation of citizenship with a global market. New digital technologies create a second challenge to Westphalian citizenship. As has argued, digital identities could provide a global legal persona for all human beings independently of their nationality, and blockchain technologies could enable the formation of non-territorial political communities providing governance services to their members independently of states. Both the instrumental uses of citizenship for geographic mobility and technologies that create substitutes for territorial citizenship are not merely relevant as current trends. They are also advocated and defended normatively as responses to the global injustice of the birthright lottery. I will challenge this idea and argue that liberal democracies should not be conceived as voluntary associations whose membership is freely chosen, but as communities of destiny among people who have been thrown together by history and their circumstances of life. How these foundations of democratic community can be maintained in the context of rising mobility and the digital revolution remains an open question.

Dr Sarah Fine, Lecturer in Philosophy, King's College London. Abstract Migration is a subject which generates intense debate and disagreement. For example, there is a great deal of debate about whether

Politics & Policy Abstract This article analyzes the emergence of the Swedish “national system for knowledge-driven management.” We argue that the system is best understood as a meta-instrument that

Should Extinction Be Forever?, Philosophy and Technology, First online: 17 october 2015 This article will explore a problem which is related to our moral obligations towards species. Although the re-cr, (6128), 32–33, ). This article will provide an argument in favour of re-creation based on normative considerations. The environmentalist community generally accepts that it is wrong to exterminate species, for reasons beyond any instrumental value these species may have. It is often also claimed that humanity has a collective responsibility to either preserve or at least to not exterminate species. These two beliefs are here assumed to be correct. The argument presented here departs from and places these two ideas in a deontological framework, from which it is argued that when humanity causes the extinction of a species, this is a moral transgression, entailing a residual obligation. Such an obligation implies a positive duty to mitigate any harm caused by our moral failure. In light of recent scientific progress in the field of genetic engineering, it will be argued that humanity has a prima facie obligation to re-create species whose extinction mankind may have caused, also known as de-extinction.

Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning, 18 (3), 306-323. Abstract Deliberative forms of stakeholder participation have been widely embraced as a key measure for addressing legitimacy deficits and

The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, doi.org/10.1093/bjps/axx035 Abstract According to the orthodox treatment of risk preferences in decision theory, they are to be explained in terms of th

Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, pp. 1-13, DOI 10.1007/s10677-017-9824-z. Abstract The question raised in this paper is whether legal rights to vote are also moral rights to vote. The challenge to the

Social Science Quarterly, 838-856 Abstract Objectives This article presents a new method inspired by evolutionary biology for analyzing longer sequences of requisites for the emergence of particular outc

Margaret Moore, Professor in the Political Studies department at Queen’s University. Abstract This paper is interested in developing an account of resource justice, by which I mean a theory about the en