in: Technology in Society. 63, 101396 Abstract:Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the form of Deep Learning (DL) technology has diffused in the consumer domain in a unique way as compared to previous gene, i.e., by being added to preexisting technologies that are already in use. We find that DL-algorithms for recommendations or ranking have been infused into all the 15 most popular mobile applications (apps) in the U.S. (as of May 2019). DL-infusion enables fast and vast diffusion. For example, when a DL-system was infused into YouTube, it almost immediately reached a third of the world's population. We argue that existing theories of innovation diffusion and adoption have limited relevance for DL-infusion, because it is a process that is driven by enterprises rather than individuals. We also discuss its social and ethical implications. First, consumers have a limited ability to detect and evaluate an infused technology. DL-infusion may thus help to explain why AI's presence in society has not been challenged by many. Second, the DL-providers are likely to face conflicts of interest, since consumer and supplier goals are not always aligned. Third, infusion is likely to be a particularly important diffusion process for DL-technologies as compared to other innovations, because they need large data sets to function well, which can be drawn from preexisting users. Related, it seems that larger technology companies comparatively benefit more from DL-infusion, because they already have many users. This suggests that the value drawn from DL is likely to follow a Matthew Effect of accumulated advantage online: many preexisting users provide a lot of behavioral data, which bring about better DL-driven features, which attract even more users, etc. Such a self-reinforcing process could limit the possibilities for new companies to compete. This way, the notion of DL-infusion may put light on the power shift that comes with the presence of AI in society.

In Hanemaayer, A. (editor) Artificial Intelligence and Its Discontents. Palgrave. Abstract AI has often reached individuals covertly, rather than by their own choosing. Standard automatic version update

I Hanemaayer, A. (editor), Artificial Intelligence and Its Discontents. Palgrave. Abstract (book) On what basis can we challenge Artificial Intelligence (AI) - its infusion, investment, and implementatio

Routledge, 166 p. This book provides a general theory of democratic inclusion for the present world. It presents an original contribution to our understanding of the democratic ideal by explaining how

Completed: Predicting the diffusion of artificial intelligence

A framework for predicting the spread of AI applications.

Institute for Futures Studies Research Report 2009/1, 101p. The Member States of the European Union have agreed to promote the common goals of economic growth, quality of jobs and comprehensive social

Res Publica. doi:10.1007/s11158-016-9348-8 Abstract According to neo-republicans, democracy is morally justified because it is among the prerequisites for freedom as non-domination. The claim that democ

We are looking for a postdoctoral researcher in the project “Predicting the diffusion of AI-applications”.

Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Volume 80, Issue 8, October 2013, Pp. 1546–1556 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2013.02.002 Abstract Recent ‘democratic revolutions’ in Islamic countries

Completed: Inclusion and Exclusion at the Labor Market – an Intersectional Field Experiment

This project will investigate the role of employer hiring discrimination in the reproduction of ethnic and gender segregation, and inequality in the labor market.