Current research in ecological and social psychology, vol 3 Abstract The tightness of a society is defined as the strength of social norms and the degree of sanctioning within the society. However, a so

2009. Social Forces 87(2): 713–740.

Theoria Abstract This paper considers the view that the basis of equality isthe range property of being a moral person. This view,suggested by John Rawls in hisA Theory of Justice(1971),is commonly dism

Using impure altruism to promote pro-environmental behavior

Is it possible to nudge people into more environmentally friendly behaviour using impure altruism as a driver?

Socially constructed beliefs about biological gender differences, i.e. gender essentialism, can to a large extent explain the remaining gender segregation and inequality. That’s one of the conclusions

in: Technology in Society. 63, 101396 Abstract:Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the form of Deep Learning (DL) technology has diffused in the consumer domain in a unique way as compared to previous gene, i.e., by being added to preexisting technologies that are already in use. We find that DL-algorithms for recommendations or ranking have been infused into all the 15 most popular mobile applications (apps) in the U.S. (as of May 2019). DL-infusion enables fast and vast diffusion. For example, when a DL-system was infused into YouTube, it almost immediately reached a third of the world's population. We argue that existing theories of innovation diffusion and adoption have limited relevance for DL-infusion, because it is a process that is driven by enterprises rather than individuals. We also discuss its social and ethical implications. First, consumers have a limited ability to detect and evaluate an infused technology. DL-infusion may thus help to explain why AI's presence in society has not been challenged by many. Second, the DL-providers are likely to face conflicts of interest, since consumer and supplier goals are not always aligned. Third, infusion is likely to be a particularly important diffusion process for DL-technologies as compared to other innovations, because they need large data sets to function well, which can be drawn from preexisting users. Related, it seems that larger technology companies comparatively benefit more from DL-infusion, because they already have many users. This suggests that the value drawn from DL is likely to follow a Matthew Effect of accumulated advantage online: many preexisting users provide a lot of behavioral data, which bring about better DL-driven features, which attract even more users, etc. Such a self-reinforcing process could limit the possibilities for new companies to compete. This way, the notion of DL-infusion may put light on the power shift that comes with the presence of AI in society.

The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2021 Edition) ABSTRACT Appeals to moral disagreement have figured in philosophical discussions since antiquity, especially regarding questions about the nat, 14). It is often dubious to characterize the thoughts of ancient philosophers by using distinctions and terminologies that have emerged much later. Still, it is tempting to take Sextus to offer an argument against the metaethical position known as “moral realism” and its central thesis that there are moral truths which are objective in the sense that they are independent of human practices and thinking.

Thomas Christiano, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Arizona ABSTRACTI argue we can make a great deal of progress in understanding the promise and the perils of voluntary exchange by elabora

Venue: The Institute for Futures Studies, Stockholm This workshop is open to invitees only. For more information please contact the organizers. The imperative to adopt Artificial Intelligence (AI) has be

Venue: Institute for Futures Studies, Holländargatan 13 in Stockholm, or online. Research seminar with Eva Erman, Professor of Political Science at Stockholm University. Her research focuses on democrat