Synthese Abstract The key characteristic of deep disagreements is that any attempt to resolve them just reveals new points of disagreement that stem from underlying commitments. Many moral disagreementsInformal LogicSemantics and Pragmatics

Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, published online first. doi.org/10.1080/13698230.2019.1644583 Abstract This paper investigates the relationship between the idea of popula

in: Technology in Society. 63, 101396 Abstract:Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the form of Deep Learning (DL) technology has diffused in the consumer domain in a unique way as compared to previous gene, i.e., by being added to preexisting technologies that are already in use. We find that DL-algorithms for recommendations or ranking have been infused into all the 15 most popular mobile applications (apps) in the U.S. (as of May 2019). DL-infusion enables fast and vast diffusion. For example, when a DL-system was infused into YouTube, it almost immediately reached a third of the world's population. We argue that existing theories of innovation diffusion and adoption have limited relevance for DL-infusion, because it is a process that is driven by enterprises rather than individuals. We also discuss its social and ethical implications. First, consumers have a limited ability to detect and evaluate an infused technology. DL-infusion may thus help to explain why AI's presence in society has not been challenged by many. Second, the DL-providers are likely to face conflicts of interest, since consumer and supplier goals are not always aligned. Third, infusion is likely to be a particularly important diffusion process for DL-technologies as compared to other innovations, because they need large data sets to function well, which can be drawn from preexisting users. Related, it seems that larger technology companies comparatively benefit more from DL-infusion, because they already have many users. This suggests that the value drawn from DL is likely to follow a Matthew Effect of accumulated advantage online: many preexisting users provide a lot of behavioral data, which bring about better DL-driven features, which attract even more users, etc. Such a self-reinforcing process could limit the possibilities for new companies to compete. This way, the notion of DL-infusion may put light on the power shift that comes with the presence of AI in society.

What Future for Social Investment?

In a period of deep crisis, the question arises as to what kind of new strategies should be implemented to recover stronger growth, more and better jobs, and more equality and social cohesion. Reflexi

In Hanemaayer, A. (editor) Artificial Intelligence and Its Discontents. Palgrave. Abstract AI has often reached individuals covertly, rather than by their own choosing. Standard automatic version update

Clara Lindblom from the Institute has participated in IMISCOE:s 10th Annual Confernce in Malmö August 26–27th, presenting results from a study by the Thematic Group on Inclusion in Working Life. The conf and the Institute for Studies of Migration, Diversity and Welfare (MIM) and the Department of Global Political studies (GPS), Malmö University.

Nanda Wijermans

I am an interdisciplinary researcher working at both the Insittute for Futures Studies and the Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University.  I am driven by a deep curiosity to understand dynamics At the Institute for Futures Studies, I explore and develop testable explanations concerning the strength of norms under different levels of risk (e.g. climate change, pandemic). My work is highly collaborative and uses modelling also as a ’tool' for a research process in which different researchers, methods, and/or data are combined. 

Completed: Longtermism

What happens to moral philosophy, decision theory, and our real-life decisions, if we consider that in fact many of the decisions we make should take into account the consequences in a very far future?

Luke Russell, Associate Professor, Department of Philosophy, The University of Sydney. Abstract There are many contexts in which people are encouraged to forgive. Forgiveness is praised by Christians, b

Mark Jaccard, Professor in the School of Resource and Environmental Management at Simon Fraser University, VancouverAbstractThere are obvious reasons why for three decades most jurisdictions have failPublic surveys and observation of real-world GHG reduction successes suggest that explicit carbon pricing (carbon tax and perhaps cap-and-trade) can be substantially more politically difficult than certain regulatory policies for shifting the energy system on to a deep decarbonization trajectory. Nonetheless, some people have argued that carbon pricing is an essential GHG reduction policy, suggesting that sincere politicians must do carbon pricing no matter how politically difficult. But the claim that carbon pricing is essential is factually incorrect. Deep decarbonization can be achieved entirely with regulations. Regulatory policies are unlikely to be as economically efficient as carbon pricing. But not all regulations perform identically when it comes to the economic-efficiency criterion. Flexible regulations have some attributes that make them low cost relative to regulations that require adoption of specific technologies.This talk provides evidence that assesses both the relative economic efficiency of policies and their relative political acceptability. The findings reported here suggest that some kinds of flexible regulations can perform significantly better than explicit carbon pricing in terms of relative political cost per tonne reduced while performing only marginally worse in terms of economic cost per tonne reduced. Presumably, this type of trade-off information could be of value to politicians who sincerely want deep decarbonization but would also like to be rewarded with re-election so that they and competing politicians see the value in ambitious and sustained GHG reduction efforts.